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Preschool Science: The Solar System

This week we are preparing to do a CRAFT. We’ve been steadily working our way through the 4th day of creation with Alpha Omega Horizons preschool. We kept skipping over this big craft project about painting foam balls and making the solar system, well, this next week, we are going to do the big project.

The Horizons recommendation is to buy the different sized individual foam balls, then suspend them with string and thumbtacks. As I sat pondering the strange and unfamiliar objects in the craft aisle at Hobby Lobby, I located the foam ball section and was contemplating those.

I try to be a good steward of our cash, and I coupon, so when I noticed the foam balls were not on sale, and began to tally up the cost of the solar system, I observed that it would cost somewhere around $30. This seemed steep. I wandered over to a more comfortable aisle, the pre-made kit aisle, and found this:

And it was only $8.99, which turned into $5.40 after my 40% off coupon, which I always carry from the weekly flyer for just such an occasion.

So now we have a much better craft alternative for the non-crafty. Just make the kit! I can handle it.

This past week I learned two new things about the solar system.

First, a 4-year old can learn the word orbit and demonstrate it by orbiting around things, even spinning simultaneously. A 2-year old, on observing the orbiting, will very loudly volunteer to be the moon, spin around aimlessly, not orbiting anything, and run headlong into something solid, resulting in a crying school day interruption.

Second, I learned that Pluto is no longer a planet. It used to be a planet when I was in school, however it isn’t any longer. With the advent of better telescopes and astronomical observation in general, they have been able to discover a whole mess of other objects moving the same way as Pluto. They are called Trans Neptunian Obejcts (TNOs) and they exist in a band called the Kuiper Belt, at the farthest edge of the Solar System. They even found one TNO larger and more massive than Pluto, which begged the question, “Is Pluto a planet? Or just a TNO in the Kuiper Belt?”.

They had a big meeting, and a bunch of astronomers voted on it, and they said it is now a dwarf planet. For the full story, check here, where I also learned the three criteria to be a planet:

  • It should orbit the Sun.
  • It should have enough gravity to be spherical
  • It needs to be the largest gravitational force in its “neighborhood”, so either consuming or deflecting objects it encounters.

It is the third criterion that Pluto fails, and thus, it is now a dwarf planet. It’s in the Solar System kit I bought, so we might add it in or skip it altogether.

Did you know about the Pluto thing?  Have any other good preschool craft ideas on the Solar System?  Drop a comment and tell us about it!

For more fun and interesting preschool topics, be sure to head over to The Preschool Corner!

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Everyday Science: Dormant Plants

We just moved to a new climate 2 years ago, and last year we planted our first plants in the garden.

There’s 5 of them.  I have a brown thumb.  I wanted to hedge my bets.

I spent the summer watching my new plants nervously.  Watching them, watering them, and waiting for them to die.

This might seem morbid, but you have to understand my history with gardens.  In the past homes we have lived in, and past climates, I successfully managed to find the plants that would grow best by reading gardening books, asking at Lowe’s, stalking my neighbors’ gardens, and trial and error.  I wound up with the most hardy native plants, ones that required little water above natural rainfall, and ones that would survive my gardening ineptness.

When we moved to Colorado, I got this book to prepare for another round of gardening failures, and found out…. I had been xeriscaping all my adult life!  Excellent.  I felt ready.

I planted my 5 Russian Sage plants and watched them flourish.  Feebly.  Then November came, and sure enough, they were dead.

Or were they?

I’m going to admit this because its in a blog, and you don’t know me or where I live.  Probably.  I actually snuck over to a neighboring subdivision and poked into their subdivision entrance display, which back in August I remembered had been chock full of healthy Russian Sage,….  and I broke a plant.  (Sorry, HOA people, but I’m sure your plant will be fine, just read this blog post!)   I snapped off a section to see if it snapped off just like mine did, and it did.  Excellent!  I think.

Again, you have to understand I have spent my adult life gardening in tropical climates.  We’re talking blue plumbago and hibiscus here, the ones that they grow in the greenhouse in Colorado, not outside…

I vaguely recalled something from biology class.  I’ll share.

Dormancy is a temporary state of slowed metabolism.  Plants go dormant in response to adverse growing conditions such as extreme heat or cold.  They go dormant in response to environmental conditions such as decreased amount of sunlight received in a day and colder temperatures.

What causes plants to react this way?

Plants have a hormone called abscisic acid (ABA) that contributes to the onset of dormancy.  When a plant is subjected to extreme conditions such as falling temperatures, ABA buildup allows the plant to deal with the stress by suspending growth of new foliage (in the vascular cambium, if you’re curious).

Abscisic acid levels in a plant are diminished by increased exposure to sunlight, warmer temperatures, and by heavy rains.  These conditions usually occur in the spring, of course.  Realize too that some winter-blooming plants are dormant in the summer months.  In their case, it would be cool fall rains that would trigger these plants to emerge from dormancy in the winter.

Plants have an internal clock that helps them remain in dormancy until it is time to grow again.  A certain number of cold days is required to break down the ABA within the plant and stimulate growth once more.  If there were an unseasonably warm day mid-winter, the plant would remain in dormancy, since its measure of cold days were not yet complete for the season.

When you force a bulb indoors, typically a late winter to early spring activity, you are actually triggering the plant to emerge from dormancy by introducing light and warmer temperatures.  (I have never actually attempted this myself.)

The levels of ABA differ from plant to plant, which is why some plants tolerate stressors such as cold winters more readily than others.  I’m guessing my Cape Blue Plumbago had much less ABA than does my Perovskia atriplicifolia.

For now, I think my Russian sage will successfully emerge from dormancy this spring ready for new growth.  But I’ll know for sure when it happens.

Helpful suggestions?  Comiseration?  Gardening pointers?  Leave a comment!



Resources:

Abscisic Acid.  Retrieved 10 Feb 11 from http://www.plant-hormones.info/abscisicacid.htm

What is Abscisic Acid?.  Retrieved 10 Feb 11 from http://www.essortment.com/abscisic-acid-61473.html

What Causes Plants to Become Dormant?.  Retrieved 10 Feb 11 from http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4914915_what-causes-plants-become-dormant.html

Nature’s Timekeeping.  Retrieved 10 Feb 11 from http://ceeldorado.ucdavis.edu/files/17562.htm

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Reviewers needed: Hands-On Science

I’ve been busy this week, but the latest revision of Hands-On Science is finally complete!  This book is for K-6, and for multi-grade families it is perfect.  It is chock full of experiments and activities on these topics:

  • Matter
  • Density
  • Volume
  • Thermodynamics
  • Weather
  • Climate
  • Rivers
  • Oceans
  • Erosion
  • Aerodynamics
  • Four Forces of Flight
  • Astronomy
  • Orbital Motion

My favorite activity in the book is The Molecule Game, which the author, Liz Brough, has introduced throughout the text to demonstrate concepts from molecular motion to erosion.  Basically it is a bunch of kids running around the room in organized chaos under guided instructions to demonstrate a point.  Children careen off the walls with instructions like “heat up!” and “cool down!”.

Folks, its 200 pages of experiments and activities that use everyday materials you already have around the house such as bricks, ping pong balls, balloons, modeling clay, and jars.

And I need 3 bloggers to review the new book!

Do you think you would be a good candidate?  Do you have children being homeschooled in the K-6 grades?  I need someone who can set aside time enough to do 4 or 5 experiments at least throughout the book in order to provide a review by May 30th.  Think about it, because I know we’re all busy with the school year!

[ilink url=”https://homeschoolsciencepress.com/shop/hands-on-science-vol-1-particles-in-motion” style=”tick”]View Product Listing and Sample Pages[/ilink]

Leave a comment stating why you think you’d be the blogger to review Hands-On Science.  Head over to the Castle Heights Press store website to look at the product listing.  You can follow Homeschool Science on twitter and facebook if you like, but that’s not how I’ll be selecting the reviewing bloggers.